An Employment Authorization Card (EAD) is a crucial document for individuals who need permission to work in a country where they are not a citizen or permanent resident. In the United States, the EAD is issued by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and serves as proof that the holder is legally authorized to work for a specific period.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the EAD, including its purpose, eligibility requirements, application process, and the rights and responsibilities of cardholders.

What is an Employment Authorization Card?

An Employment Authorization Card (EAD) is an official document issued by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that allows non-citizens to work legally in the United States. This card is essential for individuals who are in the U.S. on a temporary basis, such as those with certain visa types, asylum seekers, or individuals with pending immigration status adjustments.

The EAD serves as proof that the holder has been granted permission to work for a specific period and is typically issued for one or two years, depending on the individual’s situation. The card includes key details such as the cardholder’s name, photograph, and the validity period. It does not confer permanent residency or citizenship status but is vital for maintaining legal employment and earning income while navigating the immigration process. By ensuring compliance with U.S. labor laws, the EAD helps protect workers’ rights and enables employers to verify that their employees are authorized to work legally.

Eligibility Requirements for an EAD

To be eligible for an Employment Authorization Card (EAD), applicants must meet specific criteria set by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Generally, the following categories of individuals are eligible:

  1. Certain Nonimmigrant Visa Holders: Individuals on visas like the F-1 (student), J-1 (exchange visitor), or M-1 (vocational student) may qualify for an EAD under specific circumstances, such as participating in Optional Practical Training (OPT) or curricular practical training (CPT).
  2. Asylum Seekers: Those who have filed for asylum and have been waiting for a decision for at least 150 days may apply for an EAD.
  3. Adjustment of Status Applicants: Individuals who have applied for adjustment of status to become a permanent resident (green card holder) and whose application is pending may qualify for an EAD.
  4. Refugees and Asylees: Individuals granted refugee or asylum status are eligible for an EAD to support themselves while in the U.S.

Applicants must also demonstrate that they are in a lawful immigration status and meet any additional requirements specific to their visa category or situation.

How to Apply for an Employment Authorization Card

Applying for an Employment Authorization Card (EAD) involves several key steps:

  1. Determine Eligibility: Ensure you meet the eligibility criteria for an EAD based on your immigration status, such as being an asylum seeker, a student on OPT, or an applicant for adjustment of status.
  2. Complete Form I-765: Fill out Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. This form is available on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website and must be completed accurately to avoid delays.
  3. Gather Supporting Documents: Collect required documents, including proof of your immigration status, identity, and any prior EADs if applicable. Commonly needed documents include a copy of your current immigration status, passport photos, and Form I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record).
  4. Pay the Filing Fee: Submit the required fee with your application. The fee amount can be found on the USCIS website and is subject to change, so check the latest fee schedule.
  5. Submit Your Application: Mail the completed Form I-765, supporting documents, and payment to the appropriate USCIS address as indicated in the form instructions.
  6. Track Your Application: After submission, you will receive a receipt notice with a tracking number. You can use this number to check the status of your application online.

Following these steps carefully will help ensure a smooth application process.

Required Documents for EAD Application

When applying for an Employment Authorization Card (EAD), you need to provide several key documents to support your application:

  1. Form I-765: Completed and signed Application for Employment Authorization.
  2. Proof of Immigration Status: Documents showing your current immigration status, such as Form I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record), visa, or approval notice from USCIS.
  3. Identity Verification: A copy of a valid government-issued ID, like a passport or driver’s license. If your name has changed, provide evidence of the change (e.g., marriage certificate or court order).
  4. Previous EAD (if applicable): A copy of your most recent Employment Authorization Card if you have one.
  5. Passport-Style Photos: Two recent passport-sized photos meeting USCIS specifications.
  6. Application Fee: Payment for the filing fee, which varies and can be paid by check, money order, or credit card using Form G-1450 (Authorization for Credit Card Transactions).
  7. Supporting Evidence: Additional documents based on your eligibility category, such as proof of asylum status or employment offer letter if applying under Optional Practical Training (OPT).

Ensure that all documents are current, clear, and meet USCIS requirements to avoid processing delays.

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